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Mold on Clothes

Growth of mold on clothesMold can grow on damp clothes and shoes thus causing damage to them. Clothes made from natural fibers such as cotton, linen, ramie, jute, rayon, wool and silk are more susceptible to microbial damage than those made from synthetic fibers. Mold on clothes produce enzymes that breakdown the cellulose or protein to compounds which the mold use as food. Compared to clothes made from plant fibers, those made of protein fibers (such as wool and silk) are less susceptible to attack but they are also damaged by molds capable of breaking down protein.

How to detect growth of mold on clothes
Often, the initial indication of a problem of mold on clothes is a characteristic musty odor in the closet. Careful examination of clothes may reveal stains with clearly visible pigmentations or visible mold growth. Also, observation under a microscope in a laboratory can reveal mold on clothes at the early stages of growth.

Aspergillus mold growth on clothesMold on Clothes as A Health Hazard
One of the common questions we receive is whether mold on clothes is a health hazard and whether people should throw away their clothes if there was an outbreak of mold growth in their houses. In most instances it is not necessary to dispose of the clothes especially if the clothes show no visible mold growth and no musty or moldy odor is detected from the clothes. Mold on clothes may be in form of settled spores and these can easily be washed away during laundering. However, health risks must be considered whenever visible mold growth occurs on clothes. If the clothes have visible mold growth and appear to be damaged, the best thing would be to dispose them off. Such clothes should be handled with care since certain species of molds that attack clothes, such as species of Aspergillus, are opportunistic pathogens especially to people with weak immune system. Aspergillus fumigatus, for example, is a common cause of a respiratory problem called invasive aspergillosis. Some molds may not cause infections but can cause strong allergic reactions to sensitive individuals. There is also the risk of mycotoxin poisoning if the clothes are infested by toxigenic molds and are not effectively decontaminated before they are worn.

Badly infested clothes should be isolated by sealing them in polyethylene bags and disposing them immediately or sending them to trained professionals for decontamination.

Mold growth on shoesHow To Control Growth of Mold  on Clothes
To control growth of mold on clothes we have to control the conditions that promote mold growth. This is by far the most effective method of preventing mold growth on any susceptible material including clothes. It is effective not only for the control of mold but also for control of other microorganisms and agents of damage such as insects. Clothes should be kept in a cool, dry environment with adequate ventilation. Relative humidity should be maintained below 65%. Use of dehumidifiers to reduce dampness is recommended. If the clothes are not frequently used, it is important to regularly check for mold infestation.

If you have a question regarding mold on clothes or any other question on mold or bacteria, please contact us at 905-290-9101 if calling from eastern Canada or 604-435-6555 if calling from western Canada.

Mold On Books

Books are prone to dampness if the relative humidity is not maintained below 60%. Prolonged damp conditions results to mold growth on the paper and on the bindings. Mold growth on books leads to damage of books through staining and or breaking down of paper and other book components. Besides the damage, many molds isolated from books are a health hazard capable of causing serious respiratory diseases and allergies of various degrees. Molds commonly isolated from moldy books include species of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium, Trichoderma, Chaetomium, Stachybotrys, Epicoccum and a number of others. Trichoderma, Chaetomium, and Stachybotrys are strong producers of the enzyme cellulase that breaks down the paper.

Procedure for cleaning moldy booksMold growth on a book

If the books are not extensively damaged (i.e, the paper is still intact), they can be saved. Below is a brief procedure that can be used to clean moldy books.

  • Workers must wear appropriate personal protective equipment when handling contaminated books. This includes wearing coverall or other protective coat over street clothing, a respirator (i.e. N95 or better) and vinyl examination gloves. Unprotected individuals risk aggravating or developing allergic sensitivities to the mold spores.
  • Cleaning must be conducted within a temporary containment unit away from air intakes, other building openings and public areas.
  • Moldy books must be HEPA vacuumed on the following areas: outside front and back covers, joints between the covers, spine, text block and inside back and front covers. A soft-bristled brush may be used to remove stubborn mold growth. (NB: Care must be taken not to damage the books).
  • Once cleaning of books is completed, book carts that were holding moldy books must be cleaned with disinfectant and paper towels. Refer to the material safety data sheets (MSDS) of the disinfectants before use.
  • Before re-shelving, the cleaned books must be given a quick wipe down with an appropriate disinfectant solution, the floors and shelf areas must be cleaned and disinfected and the shelves and flooring must be cleaned with disinfectant and paper towels.
  • After completing the cleaning, the exterior of the HEPA vacuum cleaner is wiped down with a disinfectant to kill any settled spores.
  • Workers must remove protective coveralls, eye protection, respirator, and gloves outside and wash hands with soap and hot water after completing the cleaning session.
  • A record of where the problem areas are, the cause of the problem, a list of the cleaned books, the time and day when the cleaning took place must be kept for future reference.
  • Implement a preventative cleaning program to address the continuing mold problem in the library.

Testing For Black Mold Growth

Black mold and associated health effects are frequently on the news making the public more concerned about mold health effects. People are worried whenever they see black mold growth either in their home, school or office. We often get questions such as “Is black mold or toxic mold making me sick?” or “How can I tell if black mold in my house is toxic or not?” As we have mentioned before, the colour of mold does not determine whether a mold is a health hazard or not. Not all molds (regardless of colour) are toxigenic or allergenic. The only way to tell if a mold is toxigenic or not is to have it tested by a qualified mycologist (someone who has specialized in mold biology).black mold on ceiling

Health Effects Associated With Black Mold

Some of the illnesses associated with mold growth in homes or offices include:

  • lower respiratory symptoms
  • respiratory infections such as aspergilloses
  • allergic diseases, including allergic asthma and bronchitis
  • non-inflammatory, nonspecific symptoms, such as eye and skin irritation, fatigue, headache, nausea, and vomiting.


An Inexpensive Method to Test if You Are Exposed to Toxic Black Mold or Not

If you see mold growth you may want to have it tested so that you are sure of the type of mold you are dealing with. It doesn’t have to be black mold. Testing for visible mold growth is easy and inexpensive. To have the mold tested you can use the Mold Tape Slide™. The procedure for taking the samples is simple and takes very little time. If you would want to order these tape slides and test the mold growth in your home or office, click Mold Tape Slide™.


Taking mold samples using the MOLD TAPE SLIDE™

Mold Tape Slide

  • Wear suitable gloves. If you are likely to disturb the mold, you should also wear a mask since you don’t want to inhale excessively high amounts of spores.
  • Record the sample number on the slide label. For example:
    • Sample #1 or Tape #1.
  • Peel off seal from slide to expose adhesive (see the words “Peel Here”).
  • Place sticky side of slide onto the surface with visible mold growth and press gently.
  • Place slide back into plastic snap-case (remember you don’t need to replace the seal).
  • Repeat the same procedure for any other sample you wish to take.
  • Once you have taken all the samples, complete the Mold Analysis Request Form.Provide information on where the samples were collected, for example:
    • Tape #1: Basement, west wall
    • Tape #2: Windowsill, kids bedroom
    • Tape #3: Ceiling tile, kitchen
    • Tape #4: Under counter, bathroom.
  • Enclose samples in an envelope for sending by post or courier. Click Mold Testing Laboratory for more details about the Mold Tape Slide™ and for where to send the samples.

House Mold

House mold is not only unsightly but also a potential health hazard. People with allergies, asthma or other respiratory problems can have serious reactions to house mold spores. Also, molds produce digestive enzymes that help them utilize building materials as food. Therefore, apart from being a health hazard, house mold will also compromise the integrity of the materials it is growing on (see the picture on the right) such as wood, wallpaper, ceiling tiles, carpet, and baseboard.

White house mold growing from a basement ceiling
Photo courtesy of One Day Mold Removal

There are a number of factors that encourage house mold growth. By controlling these factors, we can subsequently control mold growth. The factors include: indoor humidity and moisture content of materials, temperature, air circulation, light, and the chemical composition of building materials. For an existing house we cannot change the chemical composition of building materials. Light and temperature would also not be practically possible to control in that we need light and warm temperatures in our houses. However, we can effectively control house mold by maintaining the levels of relative humidity indoors below 60% and also ensuring proper ventilation. Air circulation helps control moisture levels through evaporation.

What do you do if you see or suspect house mold growth?

If you see or suspect house mold growth do not panic. You may submit mold samples to a qualified mold laboratory to determine whether the mold present is hazardous or only a cosmetic concern. The MOLD TAPE SLIDE™ is a straightforward, inexpensive and effective method to sample visible mold found on any surface. From it you get information and guidance on what to do next. It is an easy way to determine if the mold is toxic and if it will require a professional to conduct more intensive investigation and remediation. Click MOLD TAPE SLIDE™ for details.

Peel off seal from slide to expose adhesive (see the words “Peel Here”)
Place sticky side of slide onto the surface with visible mold growth and press gently.

Place slide back into plastic snap-case.

 

If you can’t see mold growth but can smell “musty” or “earthy” odours you can also perform a preliminary air test (call 905-290-9101 for details) before calling in a professional.

How To Get Rid of Mold Growth

One of the questions commonly asked by homeowners is how they could get rid of mold growth on ceiling tiles, carpet, walls and basement. To get rid of mold completely is difficult but we can control mold growth. For us to control mold growth we need to know the factors or conditions necessary for mold growth.

For mold to grow indoors:

  • There should be a source of viable spores or hyphal fragments of the mold that can regenerate into new mold growth. The main source of spores indoors is the outdoor. Building materials may also get contaminated with mold. Spores that have settled on surfaces may remain viable for many years. Once moisture is available these spores germinate and if the moisture is not eliminated, growth continues and more spores are produced which contribute to more mold growth. Settled dust is generally a reservoir of mold spores.How to get rid of mold growth
  • Like any other living organisms, mold require nutrients for growth. Dust, dirt, and some components of building materials are contain or are nutrients for mold growth.
  • For rapid growth optimal temperature is required. Generally molds can grow under a wide range of temperatures but at suboptimal temperatures growth is slow. The optimal temperature for most indoor molds is the temperature usually maintained in houses or offices for human comfort.
  • There should be adequate moisture to support growth. Moisture is the most critical factor. The level of moisture (together with other factors) determines the types of mold that will be more prevalent/dominant in the environment.

By manipulating anyone of the factors outlined above, we can control mold growth. However, we may have very little control on spores since spores infiltrate into our houses from outdoor all the time especially when we open the doors and windows. Also, although we can set the temperature in our houses to the level we want, mold can grow over a wide range of temperatures and therefore it is practically difficult to use temperature to control mold growth…unless we want to turn our houses and offices into freezers. Moisture is the ideal factor to control. Maintaining indoor humidity levels between 30-60% would effectively control mold growth. In addition to controlling moisture, we should also provide adequate ventilation. As mentioned above dust is a reservoir for spores. Therefore, regular vacuum cleaning would help reduce the spore load in the building and hence reduce the level of mold growth following a moisture problem.

If you have a question on how to get rid of mold growth, please call us at 905-290-9101.

 

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