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You are here: Home / Archives for Bacillus

Seed Pathogen Testing

Jackson Kung'u

Question: Hello, I represent a very important agro-industrial group in Mexico. We have several roles such as wheat mills, fruit, and vegetable processing.

Right now we have a situation in one of our facilities that we want to resolve. We have a hydroponic greenhouse where we produce lettuce, mainly 3 different varieties (Boston, Lollobionda, Lollorosa). We have had several problems in the production of lettuce. We did some analysis and we have found that the root cause of the problem is in the seed.

This seed comes from Holland, and the seed is encapsulated by some material that is supposed to protect the naked seed and improve the shelf life. In our studies we have found that the encapsulation material is contaminated with some fungal pathogens and bacteria, so this is why we are requesting your support.

In a research institute in Mexico they found in the encapsulation material the following fungal pathogens and bacteria:

– Fusarium
– Verticillium
– Acremonium
– Phythium
– Aspergillus
– Stenotrophomonas
– Acinetobacter
– Bacillus cereus

So we want to confirm with your labs if these microorganisms are present in the seed or in the encapsulation material. So we need to know if your labs are able to do this analysis, the cost of the analysis and how much time you think this will take. If by some reason MBL are not able to do this kind of analysis, could you recommend some laboratory that could help us with this request.

I’ll wait for your comments, thanks and best regards.
Answer: We can you determine the fungal and bacterial pathogens present in the seeds and the encapsulation material. However, since this material is coming from outside of Canada, an import permit from the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) would be required. We would suggest you use a lab in Mexico for this kind of testing.

Filed Under: Fungi Tagged With: Acinetobacter, Acremonium, Aspergillus, Bacillus, Fusarium, Phythium, pthogen, seed, seeds, Stenotrophomonas, Verticillium

Bacterial and Fungal Contamination of Metalworking Fluids (MWFs)

Jackson Kung'u

Metalworking fluids are used to cool and/or lubricate metal works during machining, grinding, cutting, milling, etc. MWFs can get contaminated when good hygiene practices are not followed or when fluids are not properly managed or maintained. Bacterial and fungal contamination of metalworking fluids (MWFs) is a major concern in the industries which use these fluids. Contamination may cause equipment malfunction, off-odors, degradation in the fluid quality, economic losses and finally, they pose as a major health hazard. Several Gram +ve and Gram -ve bacteria are found as contaminants. These include Staphylococcus sp., Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Proteus sp. and Coliforms. Fungal contaminants include, Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Fusarium sp. and Cephalosporium sp.

Major health concerns of bacterial and fungal Contaminated metalworking fluids include skin irritation, allergic contact dermatitis, irritation of the eyes, nose and throat, and, occasionally, breathing difficulties such as bronchitis and asthma. Learn more about contamination of metalworking fluids.

Filed Under: Bacteria, Fungi Tagged With: Aspergillus, Bacillus, Bacteria, Cephalosporium, coliform, contamination, fungal contamination, Fungi, Fusarium, metalworking fluids, penicillium, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus

Airborne Bacteria In Indoor Environments

Jackson Kung'u

Significance Of Airborne Bacteria In Indoor Environments

Indoor airborne bacteria have not received as much publicity as the mould. Are indoor airborne bacteria of health significance?

Read more below….

Bacteria are found virtually in every environment including the hot springs, deep-sea hydrothermal vents, glaciers, swamps, and mines! Some heat-loving bacteria (hyperthermophiles) thrive best above 176 °F (80 °C) whereas the psychrophiles (cold-loving) can survive far below 0 °C.

In indoor environments bacteria are present in air and on surfaces. High levels of bacteria concentration indoors is an indication of high occupancy rate, poor ventilation, or poor building maintenance. Similar to mould, some bacteria are associated with water-damaged building materials.

Significance Of Airborne Bacteria

While bacteria do not receive as much publicity as mould when it comes to indoor air quality, they are a health hazard. Some are serious human pathogens and others especially the gram negative bacteria produce toxic compounds (endotoxins) from the outer membrane of their cell wall. Endotoxins may have a role in sick building syndrome.

Indoor airborne bacteria can loosely be categorized into bacterial pathogens and environmental bacteria associated with water-damaged building materials. Bacterial pathogens are capable of causing severe diseases in humans if inhaled, ingested or if they come into contact with the skin. The most important airborne bacterial infections in indoor environments are tuberculosis, nosocomial pneumonia, and legionellosis. These infections are primarily acquired through inhalation of the causative agents.

Environmental bacteria generally associated with mouldy building materials include Acinetobacter, Bacillus, Flavobacterium, Nocardia, Streptomyces, and Thermomonospora. Also associated with water-damaged material are the filamentous bacteria, the Actinomycetes. Some airborne bacteria such as Staphylococcus spp and Micrococcus spp are dispersed into the air from human skin, oral and nasal surfaces, and hair. These bacteria are associated with nosocomial infections in health care facilities.

 

Sampling For Airborne Bacteria

Bacteria Colonies On TSA Agar MediaThe commonly used sampling method for airborne bacteria is the impaction of air onto agar media using volumetric samplers such as Andersen, SAS, or RCS. Samples can also be collected by impingement into liquid media. However, for routine air quality monitoring agar based sampling is recommended. Trypticase soy agar (TSA) media is usually used when sampling for bacteria. It is important to select a medium suitable for growth of the target organism, for example when sampling for some specific bacteria such as Legionella. Sampling time depends on the sampler used but generally not more than 10 minutes. Shorter times are recommended in heavily contaminated areas. Samples are kept cool and shipped for overnight delivery to the laboratory for incubation and identification of the dominant species.

References

    1. Chin, S. Yang, Patricia A. Heinsohn (Editors). Sampling and analysis of indoor microorganisms. 2007. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.(ISBN-13:978-0-471-73093-4
    2. Flannigan, B., R.A. Samson, and J.D. Miller (Editors). Microorganisms in home and indoor work environments: diversity, health impacts, investigation and control. 2001. London, UK: Taylor & Francis (ISBN: 0-415-26800-1).
    3. Wanner, H-U, AP Verhoeff, A Colombi, B Flannigan, S Gravesen, A Mouilleseux, A Nevalainen, J Papadakis, and K Seidel. 1993. Biological Particles in Indoor Environments. Indoor Air Quality and Its Impact On Man. Brussels: Commission of the European Communities. Report No. 12.

 

For more information on indoor airborne bacteria, please visit http://www.moldbacteria.com/ or call 905-290-9101.

Filed Under: Bacteria, Indoor Air Quality Tagged With: Acinetobacter, airborne bacteria, Bacillus, endotoxins, Flavobacterium, Nocardia, Streptomyces, Thermomonospora

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Salmonella food poisoning and symptoms

Salmonella food poisoning has been a growing concern in recent news. It has frequently lead to recalls of beef, salads and organic products and, even peanut butter products. Salmonella food poisoning occurs when one eats raw or undercooked foods such meat, poultry, eggs or egg products. Properly cooked food can get contaminated with Salmonella if […]

Legionella pneumophila – Guidelines for Laboratory Interpretation

Legionella pneumophila is a Gram negative, aerobic bacteria that is characterized as an opportunistic pathogen. It is the cause of Legionnaires’ Disease, a severe form of pneumonia and, it is the cause of Pontiac fever, a non-pneumonic form of L. pneumophila infection. Legionella spp.’s mode of transmission is through aerosols or aspiration of contaminated water. The Public Health […]

The Indoor Mold Is An Early Warning Device

The mold (or mould, in the Queen’s English) has been the victim of a bad press. Mention the word and it conjures up an image of something rotting or in the process of decomposition. And yet, were it not for the mold that inspired the discovery of penicillin millions of lives would have been lost. […]

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